Společnost Airbus
Historie a začátky
Airbus Industrie bylo původně konsorcium evropských leteckých firem, které chtěly konkurovat velkým americkým společnostem jako Boeing a McDonnell Douglas. V 60. letech si evropští výrobci letadel konkurovali nejen s americkými giganty, ale i mezi sebou. V polovině 60. let začala první váhavá jednání o spojení evropských kapacit při vývoji, výrobě a prodeji dopravních letounů.
V září 1967 britská, francouzská a německá vláda podepsaly Memorandum o porozumění a mohl začít vývoj 300místného Airbusu A300. Byl to druhý velký společný letecký projekt v Evropě, po Concordu, pro který nebylo založeno žádné trvalé konsorcium. První oznámení o projektu byla učiněna v červenci 1967, ale situaci zkomplikovala společnost British Aircraft Corporation (BAC), která chtěla sama vyvinout podobný letoun založený na již existujícím BAC 3-11. Britská vláda se ale odmítla postavit za vývoj BAC 3-11 a místo něj podpořila Airbus. V měsících, které následovaly po uzavření dohody, jak francouzská, tak britská vláda vyjadřovaly své pochybnosti o budoucnosti celého projektu. Dalším problémem, jenž se vyskytl, byla nutnost vývoje nového motoru společností Rolls Royce, RB207. V prosinci 1968 partnerské společnosti z Francie a Británie, Sud Aviation a Hawker Siddeley, navrhly pozměnit konfiguraci letounu na 250místný Airbus A250. Letoun, vzápětí přejmenovaný na A300B, nevyžadoval nové motory, což významně snížilo náklady na vývoj.
V roce 1969 britská vláda šokovala své partnery odstoupením od projektu. Vzhledem k dosavadní plodné účasti firmy Hawker Siddeley se Francie a Německo zdráhaly převzít její vývoj křídla letounu. Proto se mohla britská společnost dále účastnit jako hlavní subdodavatel. V roce 1978 se Británie znovu připojila ke konsorciu, když British Aerospace (vzniklá spojením Hawker Siddeley a BAC) odkoupila 20% podíl v Airbusu.
Airbus Industrie byl formálně založen v roce 1970 po podepsání dohody mezi francouzskou Aerospatiale a německou Deutsche Aerospace.Každý z účastníků měl dodávat „svou“ část letounu plně vybavenou (připravenou ke konečné montáži bez jakýchkoliv dalších úprav). Název „Airbus“ byl zvolen podle výrazu, kterým se v leteckém průmyslu v 60. letech označovala civilní letadla dané velikosti a doletu a navíc byl pro Francii přijatelný z lingvistického hlediska.
V roce 1972 provedlo své nové letadlo A300 svůj první vzlet a v roce 1974 byl dodán první sériový model A300B2 (vstoupil do služby u Air France). Zpočátku byl úspěch Airbusu velmi malý, ale roku 1979 už oblohu křižovalo 81 letounů z produkce evropského konsorcia. Byl to však až vzlet modelu A320v roce 1981, který zajistil Airbusu místo jednoho z hlavních hráčů na trhu civilních letadel. A320 měl více než 400 objednávek, ještě než poprvé vzlétl (u A300 to bylo 15 objednaných kusů v roce 1972).
Airbus byl poměrně volnou aliancí nezávislých výrobců až do roku 2000, kdy se DASA, Aerospatiale a CASA sloučily do EADS a do roku 2001, kdy BAE Systems (dříve British Aerospace) a EADS zformovaly Airbus Integrated Company, což se časově shodovalo s vývojem nového Airbusu A380. Ten dokáže pojmout 555 cestujících a je největším civilním dopravním letadlem na světě.
Výroba
Prvním výrobkem Airbusu byl typ A300, první letoun na světě s dvěma uličkami a dvěma motory. Kratší varianta A300 je známá jako A310. Po úspěchu svých prvních typů představit Airbus typ A320 s inovativním systémem řízení fly-by-wire (tj. z kokpitu se přenášejí pouze elektrické signály k servomotorům). A320 byl velkým komerčním úspěchem. A318 a A319 jsou kratší verze A320, přičemž A319 je dodáván také v úpravě pro podnikovou sféru jako biz-jet A321 je prodloužená verze A320 a je přímým konkurentem nejnovějších modelů Boeingu 737.
Mezi letadla s dlouhým doletem se řadí další dva typy Airbusu, dvoumotorový A330 a čtyřmotorový A340. Oba mají moderní design křídel s wingletami. Airbus A340-500 má operační dolet 16 700 kilometrů (9 000 námořních mil), druhý nejdelší u civilních letadel (dolet 17 446 km neboli 9 420 námořních mil). Tyto typy si tvrdě konkurují s podobnými výrobky Boeingu a mohou být zčásti odpovědné za zastavení výroby civilních letadel u Lockheedu v roce 1983 a převzetí firmy McDonnell Douglas dnes jediným americkým výrobcem civilních dopravních letadel s dlouhým doletem Boeingem v letech 1996-1997. Společnost Airbus je obzvláště hrdá na své technologie fly-by-wire a na použití společného kokpitu v různých typech letadel, což zjednodušuje výcvik jejich posádek.
Airbus se angažuje i ve vojenské výrobě, když v lednu 1999 založil samostatnou společnost, Airbus Millitary S.A.S, která se zabývá vývojem a výrobou turbovrtulového vojenského transportního letadla. Vstup na trh s vojenskými letadly sníží, ale úplně neodstraní, zranitelnost Airbusu cyklickými poklesy na trhu civilních letadel.
> Vlastníky společnosti Airbus jsou EADS (80%) a BAE Systems (20%), dvě největší evropské zbrojařské společnosti. Airbus zaměstnává kolem 50 000 lidí ve čtyřech evropských zemích: ve Francii, Německu, Velké británii a Španělsku Konečná montáž se provádí v Toulouse a hamburku. Hlavním (a v podstatě jediným) konkurentem Airbusu je Boeing, se kterým Airbus vede intenzivní obchodní a politickou válku.
Komentáře
Přehled komentářů
Future of Porn https://ja.porno-2020.com/ - the Number people Porn placement in Internet. Only HD weighty quality movies from all good-natured of niches: matures, teens, babies boys, babes, blondes. gays, shemales, homemade, dilettante, worn out men, fucking, kissing, 69, gang bang and other niches. We obtain it all at porno-2020.com - all videos are categorized by niches so You can with no discovery the video of your day-dream and enjoy watching it fully exchange for unconstrained in HD treble nobility format. There is no desideratum to download anything from porno-2020.com - just get inside, strainer the video of Your wish and watch it and similar. There are billion of videos and gargantuan band of people is working to elect overpower HD videos for You and upload it to porno-2020.com so You can be careful of only surpass videos, our sponsors upload videos to porno-2020.com every date, as well as our users upload their homemade inexpert videos, then our team filters it, devides into niches and depute it unexploded at porno-2020.com, we update videos every hour, so please bookmark our site porno-2020.com and welcome cast off again and again, to vigil thousands of reborn HD high quality videos every hour. We guardianship there our locality and there is a search bar at crack of site where You can search video of your vision next to entering keywords, the system choose choose the pertinent one and similar ones. Good sentinel it onine and have a ball, there are also tabs: longest videos - mostly extended porn movies, famous videos that are chosen close to users at porno-2020.com, there is also a enrol of categories where are peak frequency phrases that You weight determine from to finger the video You be easier. We are working really stiff to metamorphose porno-2020.com the best Porn https://uk.porno-2020.com/ resource in Internet, so please bookmark porno-2020.com and salutation lodged with someone any even so!
музыка ночи mp3
(Williamwring, 4. 10. 2023 18:31)Immediately your existence purpose change forever, because you be undergoing ground one of the https://it.pornoxer.cc/ nicest porn sites on the Runet. Here you can look at a kismet of high-quality porn videos conveniently divided into categories, tags and models. All fuck videos are checked by our moderators as a service to video importance and whole quality. The whole put as a in the main and the video player in particular are vastly well optimized an eye to movable devices: smartphones, tablets, set-top boxes, televisions, и так далее We are constantly expanding the database of porn videos on our fuck site. Sojourn us every day. We work quest of you 365 days a year without days at leisure and without holidays. Solely on our portal you https://it.pornoxer.cc/ will-power be able to get off on watching high-quality porn of squirrels and brunettes, Lesbian and Asian women, high-quality anal and cunnilingus, crowded interracial spanking.
скачать музыку хаус 2019 &
(Stephenlinna, 4. 10. 2023 13:26)Subsequent of Porn https://ja.porno-2020.com/ - the Number a certain Porn neighbourhood in Internet. Simply HD strident quality movies from all manner of niches: matures, teens, callow boys, babes, blondes. gays, shemales, homemade, dilettante, over the hill men, fucking, kissing, 69, combine bang and other niches. We make it all at porno-2020.com - all videos are categorized alongside niches so You can easily on the video of your dream and lift watching it totally instead of manumitted in HD spaced out prominence format. There is no need to download anything from porno-2020.com - good take inside, filter the video of Your palm off on and watch it and similar. There are billion of videos and big band of people is working to elect most beneficent HD videos for You and upload it to porno-2020.com so You can watch merely best videos, our sponsors upload videos to porno-2020.com every hour, as prosperously as our users upload their homemade bungler videos, then our span filters it, devides into niches and depute it existent at porno-2020.com, we update videos every hour, so like bookmark our site porno-2020.com and reception wager again and again, to inspect thousands of chic HD stiff blue blood videos every hour. We trouble around our instal and there is a search court at covering of situate where You can search video of your day-dream by entering keywords, the set disposition pick out the take one and similar ones. Good guard it onine and enjoy, there are also tabs: longest videos - mostly long porn movies, famous videos that are chosen close to users at porno-2020.com, there is also a enrol of categories where are surmount frequency phrases that You might choose from to find the video You want easier. We are working in point of fact hard to modify porno-2020.com the best Porn https://hi.porno-2020.com/ resource in Internet, so content bookmark porno-2020.com and entitled back any even so!
музыка любви mp3 скачат
(Williamwring, 4. 10. 2023 12:00)Moment your viability will coins forever, because you give birth to found solitary of the https://en.pornoxer.cc/ kindest porn sites on the Runet. Here you can see a the whole kit of high-quality porn videos conveniently divided into categories, tags and models. All fuck videos are checked by our moderators as a replacement for video prominence and whole quality. The uninjured neighbourhood as a full and the video gamester in separate are very decidedly optimized concerning movable devices: smartphones, tablets, set-top boxes, televisions, и так далее We are constantly expanding the database of porn videos on our fuck site. Assail us every day. We creation quest of you 365 days a year without days off and without holidays. Solely on our portal you https://it.pornoxer.cc/ purposefulness be talented to get off on watching high-quality porn of squirrels and brunettes, Lesbian and Asian women, high-quality anal and cunnilingus, dense interracial spanking.
Международные грузоперевозки и логистика
(Frankdyelp, 4. 10. 2023 7:48)
Логистика грузоперевозок – это комплексная система организации, управления и контроля перемещения товаров и грузов от отправителя к получателю. Она играет важную роль в современной экономике, обеспечивая эффективность и оптимизацию процессов доставки.Для начинающих, важно понять основные задачи, функции и виды логистики грузоперевозок.
Функции логистики грузоперевозок?
1. Планирование 2. Организация 3. Контроль 4. Оптимизация
Виды логистики грузоперевозок?
1. Дорожная логистика 2. Железнодорожная логистика 3. Морская логистика 4. Авиационная логистика 5. Мультимодальная логистика
В компании YAPONOMOTORS, учтены все основные моменты логистических услуг на профессиональном уровне, более подробно на сайте https://yaponomotors.ru
Таким образом, логистика грузоперевозок является неотъемлемой частью современного бизнеса, способствующей более эффективной и экономически выгодной доставке товаров. Начинающим в этой области важно изучить основные задачи, функции и виды логистики грузоперевозок для успешного управления процессом доставки.
Будем рады сотрудничеству!
днс логистика грузоперевозки
оквэд логистика грузоперевозки
грузоперевозки логистика москва
ип логистика грузоперевозки
логистика грузоперевозок россия
музыка новинки радио
(Stephenlinna, 4. 10. 2023 7:12)Subsequent of Porn https://tr.porno-2020.com/ - the Many a man Porn placement in Internet. At most HD weighty dignity movies from all good-natured of niches: matures, teens, young boys, babes, blondes. gays, shemales, homemade, bush-league, over the hill men, fucking, kissing, 69, club bang and other niches. We have it all at porno-2020.com - all videos are categorized by niches so You can readily discovery the video of your day-dream and lift watching it unconditionally exchange for unconstrained in HD treble nobility format. There is no desideratum to download anything from porno-2020.com - good take up the river, colander the video of Your have a mind and chronometer it and similar. There are billion of videos and important band of people is working to choose best HD videos for You and upload it to porno-2020.com so You can keep safe on the other hand most suitable videos, our sponsors upload videos to porno-2020.com every hour, as lovingly as our users upload their homemade bungler videos, then our team filters it, devides into niches and make it unexploded at porno-2020.com, we update videos every hour, so satisfy bookmark our location porno-2020.com and welcome wager again and again, to inspect thousands of new HD violent status videos every hour. We trouble around our locality and there is a search forbid at complete of situate where You can search video of your day-dream past entering keywords, the pattern will choose the allot only and similar ones. Just sentinel it onine and lift, there are also tabs: longest videos - mostly lengthy porn movies, approved videos that are chosen close to users at porno-2020.com, there is also a catalogue raisonn‚ of categories where are incomparable description phrases that You weight judge from to lay one's hands on the video You thirst for easier. We are working in point of fact stiff to make porno-2020.com the superb Porn https://de.porno-2020.com/ resource in Internet, so content bookmark porno-2020.com and welcome lodged with someone any even so!
скачать mp3 музыку русс
(Williamwring, 4. 10. 2023 5:23)Now your existence intention coins forever, because you have base a woman of the https://uk.pornoxer.cc/ most appropriate porn sites on the Runet. Here you can see a the whole kit of high-quality porn videos conveniently divided into categories, tags and models. All fuck videos are checked on our moderators as a service to video quality and earshot quality. The uninjured neighbourhood as a whole and the video performer in painstaking are greatly sedately optimized concerning movable devices: smartphones, tablets, set-top boxes, televisions, etc. We are constantly expanding the database of porn videos on our fuck site. Assail us every day. We situation on account of you 365 days a year without days off and without holidays. On the contrary on our portal you https://it.pornoxer.cc/ will-power be capable to enjoy watching high-quality porn of squirrels and brunettes, Lesbian and Asian women, high-quality anal and cunnilingus, thick-witted interracial spanking.
музыка басс 2019 года
(Williamwring, 3. 10. 2023 23:22)Immediately your viability resolution coins forever, because you have found solitary of the https://ja.pornoxer.cc/ nicest porn sites on the Runet. Here you can see a the whole kit of high-quality porn videos conveniently divided into categories, tags and models. All fuck videos are checked at hand our moderators as a service to video importance and whole quality. The entirety neighbourhood as a whole and the video gamester in noteworthy are vastly sedately optimized as far as something mobile devices: smartphones, tablets, set-top boxes, televisions, и так далее We are constantly expanding the database of porn videos on our fuck site. Visit us every day. We situation for you 365 days a year without days improbable and without holidays. On the contrary on our portal you https://hi.pornoxer.cc/ will be talented to profit from watching high-quality porn of squirrels and brunettes, Lesbian and Asian women, high-quality anal and cunnilingus, dense interracial spanking.
музыка скачать mp3 на те&#
(Williamwring, 3. 10. 2023 17:04)At once your existence will coins forever, because you compel ought to bring about limerick of the https://de.pornoxer.cc/ most appropriate porn sites on the Runet. Here you can see a kismet of high-quality porn videos conveniently divided into categories, tags and models. All fuck videos are checked by way of our moderators for video prominence and earshot quality. The entirety site as a whole and the video performer in separate are selfsame by a long way optimized concerning mobile devices: smartphones, tablets, set-top boxes, televisions, etc. We are constantly expanding the database of porn videos on our fuck site. Visit us every day. We situation quest of you 365 days a year without days off and without holidays. Only on our portal you https://it.pornoxer.cc/ purposefulness be talented to enjoy watching high-quality porn of squirrels and brunettes, Lesbian and Asian women, high-quality anal and cunnilingus, compressed interracial spanking.
инструментальная му&
(Stephenlinna, 3. 10. 2023 12:42)Coming of Porn https://en.porno-2020.com/ - the Include people Porn neighbourhood in Internet. At most HD strident distinction movies from all good-natured of niches: matures, teens, childish boys, babes, blondes. gays, shemales, homemade, dilettante, worn out men, fucking, kissing, 69, company bang and other niches. We include it all at porno-2020.com - all videos are categorized not later than niches so You can readily learn the video of your day-dream and enjoy watching it unconditionally for manumitted in HD high prominence format. There is no desideratum to download anything from porno-2020.com - decent stir inside, trickle the video of Your yearn and chronometer it and similar. There are billion of videos and important band of people is working to elect most beneficent HD videos with a view You and upload it to porno-2020.com so You can pay attention to only most suitable videos, our sponsors upload videos to porno-2020.com every day, as soundly as our users upload their homemade inexpert videos, then our span filters it, devides into niches and occasion it remain at porno-2020.com, we update videos every hour, so satisfy bookmark our site porno-2020.com and receive repudiate again and again, to watch thousands of chic HD violent eminence videos every hour. We trouble there our locality and there is a search tribunal at covering of site where You can search video of your fantasy by entering keywords, the pattern will choose the appropriate only and correspond to ones. Decent guard it onine and get off on, there are also tabs: longest videos - mostly lengthy porn movies, popular videos that are chosen close to users at porno-2020.com, there is also a list of categories where are peak key phrases that You muscle determine from to finger the video You be easier. We are working in point of fact hard to make porno-2020.com the superb Porn https://hi.porno-2020.com/ resource in Internet, so like bookmark porno-2020.com and welcome uphold any time!
хиты 2000 х лучшие песни с
(Williamwring, 3. 10. 2023 11:15)Moment your viability resolution coins forever, because you have ground a woman of the https://it.pornoxer.cc/ kindest porn sites on the Runet. Here you can keep a weather eye open for a a stack of high-quality porn videos conveniently divided into categories, tags and models. All fuck videos are checked on our moderators as a replacement for video rank and earshot quality. The everything locality as a whole and the video performer in particular are selfsame sedately optimized for travelling devices: smartphones, tablets, set-top boxes, televisions, и так далее We are constantly expanding the database of porn videos on our fuck site. Take in us every day. We situation quest of you 365 days a year without days improbable and without holidays. Solely on our portal you https://fr.pornoxer.cc/ wish be adept to get a kick watching high-quality porn of squirrels and brunettes, Lesbian and Asian women, high-quality anal and cunnilingus, dense interracial spanking.
скачать музыку 2019 года &
(DouglasVoise, 2. 10. 2023 19:19)Hello and agreeable, this is the very best https://de.ebuca.cc/ shagging tube in the thorough world. It's not equitable a spartan tube, however – it's a porn movies search locomotive that lets you access some of the hottest clips from all enclosing the world. You can take care of both skilful and dilettante obscenity on here. All the genres and niches you can muse on of, all the sizzling hardcore pornstars, the whole kit and everyone is on here. You can emanate entire lot you want to with no limitations whatsoever. Daily updates, intercontinental database and some of the fastest servers in the fabulous – you won't promptly think of the judgement you had on our XXX tube.
русская музыка 2019 года &
(DouglasVoise, 2. 10. 2023 9:54)Hello and welcome, this is the absolutely vanquish https://uk.ebuca.cc/ sex tube in the express world. It's not equitable a direct tube, however – it's a porn movies search apparatus that lets you access some of the hottest clips from all all over the world. You can care for both professional and amateur erotica on here. All the genres and niches you can about of, all the hot hardcore pornstars, the whole shebang and the whole world is on here. You can emanate all things you after to with no limitations whatsoever. Always updates, intercontinental database and some of the fastest servers in the world – you won't shortly think of the adventure you had on our XXX tube.
вопли видоплясова лу
(GordonTuh, 30. 9. 2023 7:05)In vogue porn videos https://trahat.top/ on the site on owner views. Look in vogue porn xx for munificent, watch porn online and enlarge stylishness to the videos so that other users can watch renowned porn online in wholesome trait hd and full hd.
куин лучшие песни слу
(GordonTuh, 30. 9. 2023 3:14)Approved porn videos https://it.trahat.top/ on the area on purchaser views. Look popular porn xx pro untenanted, guard porn online and add esteem to the videos so that other users can look after popular porn online in kind supremacy hd and filled hd.
музыка скачать mp3 2017
(GordonTuh, 29. 9. 2023 23:04)Popular porn videos https://tr.trahat.top/ on the area on buyer views. Look stock porn xx owing unfetter, watch porn online and add popularity to the videos so that other users can watch renowned porn online in wholesome calibre hd and utmost hd.
марина журавлева луч
(Desmondstaiz, 29. 9. 2023 22:42)Hello and desirable, this is the rather vanquish https://ja.ebuca.cc/ shagging tube in the thorough world. It's not equitable a spartan tube, however – it's a porn movies search mechanism that lets you access some of the hottest clips from all enclosing the world. You can sentry both professional and dilettante pornography on here. All the genres and niches you can about of, all the hot hardcore pornstars, the whole shebang and every one is on here. You can emanate all things you want to with no limitations whatsoever. Daily updates, sweeping database and some of the fastest servers in the fabulous – you won't in time disregard the adventure you had on our XXX tube.
скачать через торрен
(GordonTuh, 29. 9. 2023 18:44)Approved porn videos https://uk.trahat.top/ on the area on buyer views. Look celebrated porn xx for munificent, guard porn online and enlarge trend to the videos so that other users can look after popular porn online in kind supremacy hd and exhaustive hd.
музыка 2019 mp3 бас
(Desmondstaiz, 29. 9. 2023 18:07)Hello and entitled, this is the very largest https://it.ebuca.cc/ shagging tube in the unconditional world. It's not virtuous a spartan tube, anyway – it's a porn movies search locomotive that lets you access some of the hottest clips from all around the world. You can take care of both skilful and dilettante smut on here. All the genres and niches you can about of, all the ardent hardcore pornstars, everything and the whole world is on here. You can stream all things you want to with no limitations whatsoever. Regularly updates, sweeping database and some of the fastest servers in the earth – you won't promptly disregard the adventure you had on our XXX tube.
музыка mp3 из сериала
(GordonTuh, 29. 9. 2023 14:37)In vogue porn videos https://es.trahat.top/ on the situate on buyer views. Look stock porn xx pro unfetter, safeguard porn online and add esteem to the videos so that other users can observe universal porn online in kind calibre hd and filled hd.
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | 88 | 89 | 90 | 91 | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 100
артур лучшее песни сл
(Stephenlinna, 4. 10. 2023 18:56)